August 9, 2023 article from The Guardian:

Despite recent scandals of research misconduct and error, the academic world still seems determined to look the other way.

“The truth, however, is that the number of retractions in 2022 – 5,500 – is almost definitely a vast undercount of how much misconduct and fraud exists. We estimate that at least 100,000 retractions should occur every year; some scientists and science journalists think the number should be even higher.”