From the bodybuilder paradox – why those who put on muscle easy are so easily deluded about those who put on fat – to the infamous ob/ob (obese) mouse that reshaped our understanding of fat and hunger, this discussion uncovers how scientific dogma and misplaced faith in “calories in, calories out” derailed metabolic science. Together, the panel explores how leptin, fuel partitioning, and flawed interpretation have kept us stuck in a broken model of health, and what it takes to rewrite it.