October 1, 2024 article in Retraction Watch.

Retraction Watch exposes a vast and resilient network of fraudulent academic businesses, led by the Academic Research and Development Association (ARDA) and its affiliates, that sell fake authorship, publications, and conferences.

“By searching for other entities, first through direct links (e.g. a parent company publicly listing its subsidiaries) and then through more subtle indicators (e.g. businesses that shared the same address or phone number), we uncovered a network of associations consisting of 828 distinct businesses, journals, publishers, individuals, universities, professional societies and indexing services.”